核磁共振陀螺仪研究进展

Advances in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope

中文关键词  核磁共振陀螺仪  原子陀螺仪  微陀螺仪  惯性导航  量子原理

英文关键词  nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope  atomic gyroscope  micro-gyroscope  inertial navigation systems  quantum theory

中文摘要

      核磁共振陀螺仪(nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, NMRG)是基于量子原理的、目前世界上体积最小的导航级陀螺仪，具有加速度不敏感、抗干扰能力强且没有运动部件等优势，有望在与微机电陀螺仪同等体积、成本下达到光学陀螺仪的精度，受到了国内外广泛关注。介绍了核磁共振陀螺仪基于核磁共振技术的基本工作原理，然后回顾了核磁共振陀螺仪自20世纪60年代起的发展历史，重点分析了21世纪以来国内外研究机构在核磁共振陀螺领域取得的重大研究成果，并对国内外核磁共振陀螺仪的最新研究进展进行了跟踪，美国Northrop Grumman公司已经率先研制出了面向军事领域的微小型导航级核磁共振陀螺仪。最后对核磁共振陀螺仪未来发展的方向进行展望，将进一步向高精度、低成本和小体积方向发展，同时分析了核磁共振陀螺可能应用前景，将广泛应用于民用领域以及军用领域。

英文摘要

      The NMRG which is based on the quantum principle is a kind of atomic gyroscopes and it is the smallest navigation-grade gyroscope in the world at present. At the same time, the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope features acceleration insensitivity, strong anti-interference ability and no moving parts. It is expected to reach the accuracy of optical gyroscopes with the same size and cost as micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes and it is widely concerned at home and abroad. The basic working principle of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope was summarized at first. Then, the development history of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope from the 1960s was reviewed and the representative researches of it since the 21th century are analyzed. Meanwhile, the latest research results of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope was tracked. Northrop Grumman corporation which belongs to the US has been the first to develop the smallest navigation-grade nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope for the US’s military areas. Finally, the development direction of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is prospected, which will further develop towards high precision, small volume and low cost. The possible application direction of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is analyzed as well, it will be widely used in civil fields and military fields.