考虑驾乘人员公平性的网约出租车合乘路径优化模型

Optimization model of ride-sharing path for taxis online considering passenger fairness

中文关键词  交通工程  路径优化模型  遗传算法  出租车合乘

英文关键词  traffic engineering  path optimization model  genetic algorithms  ride-sharing taxi

中文摘要

      为了充分发挥合乘出租车承载率高、运营效益高及交通资源省等优点, 缓解城市打车难问题, 对网约出租 车合乘路径优化问题开展研究. 首先针对路网中网约出租车的供需情况, 以系统路径最短为优化目标建立目标函 数, 其次考虑网约出租车额定载客量、路径合理性、乘客利益及驾驶员收益与时间窗因素, 构建优化模型的约束条 件, 并结合绕行距离与乘客公平性原则进行费用约束, 使得绕行距离长的合乘子路径获得更多的费用补偿, 然后基 于遗传算法思想, 针对合乘路径中乘客需求起终点的次序问题, 设计了改进的交叉与变异算子. 最后依据大连市区 局部路网高峰时段内的出租车供需数据, 利用合乘路径优化模型及算法进行求解. 研究表明, 优化模型及算法可以 短时间寻求到系统近似最优解, 所得合乘方案较非合乘出行模式有效减少了出租车空驶率与乘客的出行成本, 提高 了驾驶员的平均收益.

英文摘要

      In order to achieve the advantages of ride-sharing taxis, such as high occupancy, high operating efficiency and less traffic resources, and to alleviate the hard problem on taking a taxi, the problem of ride-sharing path optimization for taxis online is studied. Firstly, for the supply and demand of taxis online in the road network, the objective function is established with the shortest ride-sharing path of the system. Secondly, taking into account the rated passenger capacity, path rationality, passenger benefits, driver benefits and time window, the constraint conditions of the optimization model are constructed. And combined with the detour distance and passenger fairness principle, the taxi fare is constrained, so that the longer the detour distance of the ride-sharing sub-path is, the more cost compensation can be obtained. Then, based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm, to solve the order problem of passenger demand starting and ending points in the ride-sharing path, the improved crossover and mutation operator is designed. Finally according to the supply and demand data of taxi during peak hour in the local road network in Dalian, the optimization model and algorithm is used to optimize the ride-sharing path scheme. This research indicates that the optimization model and algorithm can find the approximate optimal solution of the system in a short time, and the ride-sharing scheme can effectively reduce the taxi vacancy rate and passenger cost compared with the traditional non-ride-sharing travel mode, and improve the average earnings of drivers.