临近空间球载飞行器投放控制关键技术综述

Review on the control technologies of balloon-borne unmanned aerial vehicle in near space

中文关键词  投放飞行器  低雷诺数特性  动力学模型  定点驻空控制  反转控制  拉起控制

英文关键词  balloon-borne unmanned aerial vehicle  aerodynamic characteristics of low Reynolds number  dynamic model  station-keeping control  inversion control  pull up control

中文摘要

      临近空间作为地球新的认知领域和重要的国家安全空间逐渐受到世界主要大国的重视. 临近空间飞行器球载投放起飞方式能够使飞行器快速达到期望的飞行高度, 同时减少因穿越对流层稠密大气所需的能源消耗, 因而受到广泛关注并迅速发展成为临近空间飞行器起飞的一种重要方式. 独特的球载投放起飞方式对高空气球及被投放飞行器的多项控制关键技术提出了较高的要求, 高空低密度的飞行环境使得低速飞行具有明显的低雷诺数特性,随高度剧烈变化的风场增加了球载平台定点区域驻空的难度, 载球系统上升过程的旋转运动给投放控制带来巨大的干扰, 投放时刻的判断与拉起控制给大翼展柔性飞行器带来了新挑战. 本文梳理了临近空间球载飞行器投放控制的关键技术及其研究现状, 并对其未来的应用进行了展望.

英文摘要

      As a new cognitive space of the earth and an important national security space, near space has gradually attracted the attention in the world. Launch scheme of balloon-borne unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) could make the UAV reach the desired height quickly, and reduce the fuel consumption caused by flying through the dense atmosphere of troposphere. Thus, it has attracted widespread attention and is becoming an important way for UAV’s take-off. The balloon-launch take-off mode puts forward higher requirements to the control technologies of high-altitude balloons and balloon-borne UAVs. The high-altitude and low-density flight environment makes the low speed flight of the UAV have obvious aerodynamic characteristics of low Reynolds number. The wind disturbance that changes sharply with the height increases the difficulty for the balloon-borne platform to stay in the fixed area. The rotating motion of the balloon-borne platform during the rising process bring huge influence on the control of the launch conditions. The judgement of the launch time and the pull up control pose new challenges to the flexible unmanned aerial vehicle with large wingspan. In this paper, the key control technologies and the research status of the balloon-borne UAV in near space are summarized, and the future applications are also prospected.