Quantum‑enhanced reinforcement learning for control: a preliminary study

关键词:  Quantum theory · Reinforcement learning · Quantum computation · State superposition · Optimal control

Key words:  Quantum theory · Reinforcement learning · Quantum computation · State superposition · Optimal control

摘要:

Reinforcement learning is one of the fastest growing areas in machine learning, and has obtained great achievements in biomedicine, Internet of Things (IoT), logistics, robotic control, etc. However, there are still many challenges for engineering applications, such as how to speed up the learning process, how to balance the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. Quantum technology, which can solve complex problems faster than classical methods, especially in supercomputers, provides us a new paradigm to overcome these challenges in reinforcement learning. In this paper, a quantum-enhanced reinforcement learning is pictured for optimal control. In this algorithm, the states and actions of reinforcement learning are quantized by quantum technology. And then, a probability amplification method, which can effectively avoid the trade-off between exploration and exploitation via quantized technology, is presented. Finally, the optimal control policy is learnt during the process of reinforcement learning. The performance of this quantized algorithm is demonstrated in both MountainCar reinforcement learning environment and CartPole reinforcement learning environment—one kind of classical control reinforcement learning environment in the OpenAI Gym. The preliminary study results validate that, compared with Q-learning, this quantized reinforcement learning method has better control performance without considering the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. The learning performance of this new algorithm is stable with different learning rates from 0.01 to 0.10, which means it is promising to be employed in unknown dynamics systems.

Abstract:

Reinforcement learning is one of the fastest growing areas in machine learning, and has obtained great achievements in biomedicine, Internet of Things (IoT), logistics, robotic control, etc. However, there are still many challenges for engineering applications, such as how to speed up the learning process, how to balance the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. Quantum technology, which can solve complex problems faster than classical methods, especially in supercomputers, provides us a new paradigm to overcome these challenges in reinforcement learning. In this paper, a quantum-enhanced reinforcement learning is pictured for optimal control. In this algorithm, the states and actions of reinforcement learning are quantized by quantum technology. And then, a probability amplification method, which can effectively avoid the trade-off between exploration and exploitation via quantized technology, is presented. Finally, the optimal control policy is learnt during the process of reinforcement learning. The performance of this quantized algorithm is demonstrated in both MountainCar reinforcement learning environment and CartPole reinforcement learning environment—one kind of classical control reinforcement learning environment in the OpenAI Gym. The preliminary study results validate that, compared with Q-learning, this quantized reinforcement learning method has better control performance without considering the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. The learning performance of this new algorithm is stable with different learning rates from 0.01 to 0.10, which means it is promising to be employed in unknown dynamics systems.